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What Is OEM? Definition, Relationship with VARs, Benefits & More

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Key Takeaway

  • An Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) is a company that produces parts or products that are purchased by another company and retailed under the purchasing company’s brand name.
  • Spend any amount of time in manufacturing, and you’re certain to hear the term ‘OEM’ thrown around. In simple terms, OEM – shorthand for original equipment manufacturer – traditionally refers to businesses that build and produce specific parts for other companies. These companies then go on to use these components in the manufacture of their final product.

    Though OEM parts themselves rarely take center stage in the eyes of the end consumers, they play an outsized role when it comes to quality, cost-effective manufacturing. Unless a company has the resources to ground-up engineer every component necessary for full functionality of their end product, OEMs are critical business partners with manufacturers of consumer-facing goods.

    To illustrate the importance of OEMs in more detail, we’re exploring how they fit into the traditional manufacturing business model and the value they add to the engineering process.

    What is an OEM (Original Equipment Manufacturer)?

    When it comes to manufacturing, many larger, more complex products that you see for sale as a consumer aren’t entirely engineered in-house by the seller. Perhaps the best example of this is the automotive industry. The average car incorporates thousands of parts, from valves to springs to switchgear to sound deadening.

    Does GM or Toyota task their army of engineers to design every window switch, engine gasket, or electronic sensor that their products require? No – they farm out the work to proven suppliers that have made it their job to design and build quality components at scale.

    These suppliers are known as Original Equipment Manufacturers because they engineer and manufacture original componentry that they’ve contracted to sell to the automakers. The automakers, meanwhile, are known as the Value-Added Resellers, or VARs. They’re known as such because they take these individual components and package them into a more valuable final product that is desired by the end user.

    Nobody is looking to buy a cruise control stalk by itself – they want it attached to a fully-functional new car.

    This is the case not just in the automotive industry but in all complex manufacturing of goods. Computer manufacturers like Lenovo and Dell buy internal components like circuit boards and chips from OEMs.

    The aerospace industry uses OEMs to build certain ancillary aviation componentry. Even medical equipment manufacturers work with OEMs to develop certain parts.

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    Understanding the OEM & VAR Relationship

    Essentially, the OEM and VAR relationship is that of a contracted purchase agreement. The best way to understand it is through an example.

    Let’s say company A is the VAR – the company that buys parts to manufacture their own product. During the engineering process, they determine that Widget Z is something they don’t want to design and build in-house due to cost, complexity, capacity, or some other practical limitation. They then reach out to Company B, an OEM specializing in building parts like Widget Z.

    After some talks, the two businesses agree that Company B will supply Company A with Widget Z at an agreed-upon price point and quantity. Once production begins, Company B will send batches of Widget Z to Company A, which will use them to manufacture its own product.

    The end consumer may never see or even think about Widget Z. That’s the case with many OEM components – though they often serve a critical role to product functionality or user experience, these components are so unassuming or seamlessly integrated into the final design that most buyers won’t know they were engineered by a secondary company.

    Examples of OEM Applications

    OEM manufacturing automotive engine parts

    OEMs play a crucial role in various industries by providing essential components that enhance the functionality and quality of final products. These components are often integral to the performance and reliability of the end products sold by well-known brands. Below are some prominent examples of how OEMs operate in different sectors, showcasing their importance and the value they add to the manufacturing process.

    1. Automotive Industry: OEMs like Bosch and Denso supply critical components such as fuel injectors, sensors, and braking systems to major car manufacturers. These parts are designed to meet strict industry standards and ensure the safety and reliability of the vehicles.
    2. Electronics: Companies like Intel and Qualcomm produce processors and chipsets that are used in computers, smartphones, and other devices. These components are integral to the performance of the final products, which are then branded and sold by companies like Apple and Dell​​.
    3. IT and Software: Microsoft produces OEM versions of its Windows operating system, which are pre-installed on computers built by manufacturers like Dell and HP. These OEM software licenses are typically cheaper than retail versions but are tied to the hardware on which they were originally installed​​.

    4 Benefits of Using an OEM

    There are plenty of great reasons for manufacturers to work with OEMs, but we consider the following benefits some of the most significant:

    1. Specialized Expertise

    An OEM is often a niche expert who knows exactly how to build a specific component at scale. They’ve already done the foundational engineering and understand the complexities and challenges of their particular specialty. This baseline knowledge allows them to hone in on exactly what you need and deliver a product that meets your expectations.

    2. Reduced Development Time

    As established specialists in their product of choice, an OEM likely doesn’t need the longer lead times an inexperienced in-house engineering team might require to develop a comparable part or product. They have the right knowledge, production capacity, and expertise to move quickly and supply you with the parts you need when you need them.

    3. Lower Cost

    Perhaps the most significant benefit is the potential for reduced cost. To replicate the quality and precision of specialized OEM parts, a VAR would have to earmark precious time and resources for their own team to design, prototype, finalize, and produce the parts they need.

    MEANWHILE, an OEM that already builds comparable componentry can quickly adapt its own manufacturing processes to accommodate your parts – likely saving you precious R&D money in the long run and freeing up your staff to shift their focus elsewhere.

    4. Quality

    OEMs have often been in the game a long time, which means they know how to do what they do quite well. They can reliably create durable, trustworthy parts at scale that you can feel confident using in the assembly of your final product.

    OEM vs. Aftermarket

    OEM vs. Aftermarket: what's the difference?

    It’s easy to confuse OEM with aftermarket, as both seem to refer to companies that build parts for the VAR. The difference is simple yet significant: the OEM builds parts designed to be used in the original manufacture of a product. Aftermarket companies design solutions after the fact to create alternative replacement parts, often at a lower price than OEM componentry.

    The difference is important because only OEM parts were originally engineered for the product they were used in. They were developed by trusted suppliers to the VAR and fit with a certain exactness and precision that aftermarket companies may or may not be able to match. It’s why many people prefer buying OEM parts when servicing equipment, whether they’re buying an oil filter for their personal vehicle or aircraft parts for their company’s fleet of Boeing 747s.

    Meanwhile, the benefit of aftermarket components is that they often offer a more affordable alternative to a replacement OEM part. Think of them like the generic drugs you can buy in lieu of the name-brand option and you have the right idea. You can likely save money without sacrificing on quality with many aftermarket parts, but OEM will always remain king when it comes down to exact fitment as well as perceived quality and durability.

    FeatureOEM PartsAftermarket PartsODMs
    DefinitionParts produced by the original manufacturer for use in their productsParts produced by third-party companies for replacement or upgradeCompanies that design and manufacture products to be rebranded by other companies
    QualityTypically higher quality, designed to fit and function exactly like the original partsQuality varies; can range from lower to higher than OEM depending on the manufacturerHigh-quality, often customized to meet specific requirements of the brand purchasing them
    PriceGenerally more expensive due to higher quality and precisionMore varied; generally more affordable but can be more expensive for high-performance partsVaries based on customization and production scale; can be competitive
    WarrantyOften come with warranties from the original manufacturerWarranty varies by manufacturer; some may offer limited or no warrantyTypically provided by the ODM to the brand, which then offers its own warranty to end customers
    Business FocusFocuses on manufacturing components for integration into the company’s own productsFocuses on producing parts for the aftermarket, often for repair and upgrade purposesFocuses on designing and manufacturing products to be sold by other companies under their own brand
    Product CustomizationLimited customization; parts are made to specific standards for the original productsOffers a wide range of options; consumers can choose based on performance, price, and other preferencesHigh level of customization; products are designed to meet the specific needs and branding of the purchasing company
    ExamplesAutomotive parts (e.g., brake systems by Bosch for Volkswagen)Car accessories, computer components like graphics cardsConsumer electronics (e.g., smartphones designed by an ODM for a major brand)

    For more, check out this article on OE vs OEM: What’s the Difference?

    The Importance of OEM Product Identification

    VARs and other companies that need to maintain equipment and replace parts must be able to identify the authenticity of OEM parts. Identification tags such as metal nameplates and equipment ID tags can provide conclusive product identification as well as essential information such as service information and warranty information.

    The challenge lies in ensuring that an OEM part is identifiable throughout the part’s lifespan, particularly for parts that are exposed to harsh environmental conditions such as manufacturing, industrial and outdoor applications. Exposure to chemicals, solvents, UV, extreme temperatures, abrasion, and other conditions in the application’s operating environment can degrade ordinary tags and labels and reduce readability over time.

    That’s why Metalphoto®  photosensitive anodized aluminum is the material of choice for OEMs across every industry. With the image sealed beneath an anodic layer of aluminum, Metalphoto tags offer superior durability in a variety of operating environments, including extreme environmental conditions and even in outdoor applications.

    In fact, Metalphoto is recognized by the National Association of Graphic and Product Identification Manufacturers (GPI) Industry Standards and Practices Manual as the most durable printed aluminum substrate available. With an expected lifespan of 20+ years in outdoor environments.

    OEMs that tag parts and equipment with Metalphoto tags give their customers the assurance of authenticity as well as ensure that essential service and warranty information is readily accessible throughout the lifespan of the asset.

    Technological Advancements and Trends in OEM

    The landscape of Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) is undergoing a transformative phase, driven by significant technological advancements and emerging trends. These changes are reshaping how OEMs operate and compete in the global market, enhancing efficiency, sustainability, and innovation.

    Advancements and Trends in OEM

    Pushing Towards Electrification and Cleaner Vehicles

    A notable trend in the OEM sector is the shift towards electrification and cleaner vehicles, particularly in markets such as Japan and Korea. This movement is propelled by a growing emphasis on sustainable fuels and advanced automotive technologies.

    In Japan, the demand for high-tech solutions in personal cars is increasing, driven by the need to avail lower insurance premiums and meet stringent environmental regulations. This focus on electrification is not only transforming vehicle manufacturing but also influencing consumer preferences and market dynamics​. Similarly, Korea is witnessing a rise in the development of cleaner vehicles using sustainable fuels, supported by favorable government policies aimed at promoting environmental sustainability​.

    Major automotive OEMs in these regions are heavily investing in research and development to produce electric and hybrid vehicles, contributing to a broader global push towards reducing carbon emissions and promoting green technologies. For example, companies like Toyota and Hyundai are leading the way with their extensive line-ups of hybrid and electric vehicles, setting benchmarks for the industry.

    Adoption of Digitalization and Industry 4.0 Technologies

    Another critical trend is the adoption of digitalization and Industry 4.0 technologies, which are revolutionizing the OEM landscape. Technologies such as robotics, artificial intelligence (AI), and the industrial metaverse are becoming integral to manufacturing processes, offering substantial competitive advantages to new and established market players.

    The concept of smart factories, which integrates advanced digital technologies into manufacturing processes, is becoming a primary driver of competitiveness. A significant 86% of manufacturing executives believe that smart factory solutions will be essential for maintaining competitiveness over the next five years. These technologies enhance efficiency, reduce labor costs, and improve overall productivity by automating complex tasks and optimizing resource management.

    For instance, the use of AI in predictive maintenance helps in identifying potential equipment failures before they occur, thereby reducing downtime and maintenance costs. Robotics and automation streamline production lines, allowing for faster and more precise manufacturing processes. The industrial metaverse, which combines physical and digital worlds, is also anticipated to boost labor productivity and address workforce challenges​​.

    Other Advancements

    • Product Electrification: There is a significant shift towards electrification, with OEMs focusing on developing electric and hybrid vehicles. This trend is driven by environmental concerns and government regulations.
    • Decarbonization Efforts: OEMs are investing in technologies and practices aimed at reducing carbon footprints, such as lightweight materials and renewable energy sources for manufacturing​.
    • Digital Supply Chain: The digitalization of supply chains is becoming crucial for enhancing performance and resilience, helping OEMs navigate disruptions and optimize their operations.

    Final Thoughts

    Original Equipment Manufacturers do many things for both their business clientele as well as consumers. With their engineering expertise, OEMs can help speed up product development programs, quickly and cost-effectively scale the manufacture of specialized or specific parts, and product quality, long-lasting parts that consumers have come to trust.

    Frequently Asked Questions

    Questions about the article? Let us help!

    Our sales engineers are experts in automatic asset tracking, tagging and identification,a nd can answer all your questions. Get in touch now.

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