Safety Data Sheets (SDS) provide critical information about the potential health and safety hazards of materials used in various industries. An SDS allows workers and emergency personnel to know the proper procedures for handling or working with a toxic or dangerous substance.
In this article, you’ll learn about the vital role SDSs play in workplace safety and chemical management, as well as their importance in maintaining a safe working environment, and the critical information they contain.
Safety data sheets (SDS) are a component of the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals. The system standardizes hazard classification criteria and chemical hazard communication elements around the world. While the GHS is not a regulation, it is a framework that guides manufacturers through classifying and labeling hazardous chemicals to better protect people and the environment from them. The GHS streamlines the classification and communication provisions for hazardous chemicals. Without it, one product requires multiple classifications, labels, and safety data sheets (SDS) because various countries’ regulatory systems differ so much.
Previously, safety data sheets functioned in the same way that the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) did in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s (OSHA) Hazard Communication Standard. Today, OSHA’s HazCom Standard (HCS) aligns with the GHS and “provides a common and coherent approach to classifying chemicals and communicating hazard information on labels and safety data sheets. This update will also help reduce trade barriers and result in productivity improvements for American businesses that regularly handle, store, and use hazardous chemicals while providing cost savings for American businesses that periodically update safety data sheets and labels for chemicals covered under the hazard communication standard.” As OSHA aligned with the GHS, they mandated that safety data sheets now have a specified 16-section format. The safety data sheets themselves provide comprehensive information about substances or mixtures used in workplace chemical management.
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Typically, a safety data sheet is used as an informational source about hazards, including environmental hazards, and to gather advice on safety precautions. It’s important to note that SDS relate more to products than to specific workplaces; yet, an SDS gives an employer the ability to develop an active program of worker protection measures and training that are specific to the workplace and to consider the measures that are necessary to protect the environment. Safety data sheets also provide critical information for emergency responders, poison centers, transportation companies that move hazardous chemicals, and professionals and consumers who use pesticides.
There are certain criteria for when a safety data sheet should be produced. Namely, an SDS is called for when substances and mixtures meet the harmonized criteria for physical, health, or environmental hazards under the GHS and when mixtures contain ingredients that are carcinogenic, harmful to reproduction, or toxic enough that they exceed limits for SDS as specified by the criteria for specific mixtures. Various authorities also may require a safety data sheet for mixtures that do not meet criteria for classification but that contain hazardous ingredients in certain concentrations.
What Information is on a Safety Data Sheet? How is it Formatted?
The safety data sheet contains 16 sections. The format should not vary. The sections are as follows:
Identification – Identify the chemicals on the SDS and recommended uses along with contact information for the supplier
Hazard(s) identification – Identify the hazards of the chemical and the necessary warning information associated with them
Composition/information on ingredients – Identify the ingredient(s) contained in the product including impurities and stabilizers
First-aid measures – Describe initial care to be provided by untrained responders to an individual who has been exposed to the chemical
Fire-fighting measures – Provide recommendations for fighting a fire caused by the chemical
Accidental release measures – Provide recommendations on responses to spills, leaks, or releases including containment and clean-up practices to prevent or minimize exposure to people, places, and the environment
Handling and storage – Provide guidance on safe handling practices and safe storage conditions
Exposure controls/personal protection – Indicate the exposure limits, engineering controls, and personal protective measures to use to minimize exposures
Physical and chemical properties – Identify physical and chemical properties associated with the substance or mixture
Stability and reactivity – Describe the reactivity hazards of the chemical and chemical stability
Toxicological information – Provide toxicological and health effects information or indicate if data are not available
Ecological information – Provide information to evaluate the environmental impact of the chemical if it should be released to the environment
Disposal considerations – Provide guidance on proper disposal practices, recycling, or reclamation of the chemical to its container as well as safe handling practices
Transport information – Provide guidance on classification information for shipping and transporting hazardous chemicals by road, air, rail, or sea
Regulatory information – Identify the safety, health, and environmental regulations specific for the product that is not indicated elsewhere on the SDS
Other information – Indicate when the SDS was prepared and when the last revision was made
Keep in mind that the safety data sheet should provide clear information for each section and should contain at least the minimum information for each section. If specific information is not applicable or available, clearly state that on the SDS. It’s also important to know whether subheadings or additional information is required for national or regional areas and include it as well.
The four main purposes of an SDS are to inform users about:
1. The product’s identity (section 1: Product Identification)
2. The hazards associated with the product (section 2: Hazard Identification)
3. Safe handling and storage procedures for the product (section 7: Handling and Storage)
4. Emergency procedures in case of accidental exposure or spillage (sections 4, 5, and 6: First Aid, Fire Fighting Measures, and Accidental Release Measures)
The requirements for a safety data sheet are as follows:
Every hazardous chemical at a workplace must have a current SDS with safety information on physical and health hazards and how to store, handle, and transport the chemicals safely.
Employers must ensure that all SDSs are present, up to date, and easily accessible to all employees.
The SDS documents must be stored for 30 years, either as a hard copy in a file or on a database.
The written hazard communication program must include any SDS covering all hazardous chemicals, and employees must be trained on new hazardous chemicals before they are introduced
The Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) standard, now replaced by the Safety Data Sheet (SDS), was part of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS). The newer SDS format is internationally standardized, following a 16 section format, and includes specific guidelines for safe use and potential hazards associated with materials or products.
In 2012, the U.S. adopted the 16 section SDS format to replace MSDS, effective from December 1, 2013, to align with the GHS
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