The Complete Guide to MIL-STD-130

The following information is by no means exhaustive but meant to provide a basic understanding and general overview of MIL-STD-130.

When it comes to managing military assets, precision and accountability are non-negotiable. That’s why the US Department of Defense (DoD) relies on MIL-STD-130, a critical standard that governs how military property must be marked for identification and tracking.

At the heart of this standard is the Unique Item Identifier (UID) system, which is a powerful tool that enables the DoD to monitor individual items across their entire lifecycle, from procurement to disposal.

However, MIL-STD-130 compliance goes far beyond simply marking a part. It involves understanding specific formatting rules, choosing the right marking methods, meeting durability requirements, and passing verification tests.

Manufacturers, suppliers, and DoD contractors must understand all components of MIL-STD-130, including requirements for materials, text sizes, fonts, formats, and marking methods to ensure durability and readability throughout the item’s lifecycle.

In this guide, you’ll learn the essentials of compliant marking, standard MIL-STD-130 requirements, and how to overcome common challenges to MIL-STD-130 compliance.

What is the MIL-STD-130?

Photo by Somchai Kongkamsri from Pexels

Also known as the “Identification Marking of U.S. Military Property,” MIL-STD-130 provides directions as to how to mark items sold to the Department of Defense (DoD). MIL-STD-130N is the latest version of the standard, published on November 16, 2012.

The standard describes materials allowed and specifies text sizes, fonts, formats, syntax, and rules regarding marks on a part, location of the ID marks, as well as instructions on unique situations (VIN numbers, smartphone IDs, etc). When coming upon any conflicts between MIL-STD-130N and documents cited within, the standard will always take precedence.

Also known as the “Identification Marking of U.S. Military Property,” MIL-STD-130 is a DoD standard that provides detailed instructions on how to mark military equipment and parts.

The standard describes the materials allowed and specifies text sizes, fonts, formats, syntax, and rules regarding marks on a part, the location of ID marks, as well as instructions for unique situations (VIN numbers, smartphone IDs, etc.).

Its primary purpose is to ensure that all physical items delivered to the DoD are marked in a standardized, traceable way, which supports lifecycle management, accountability, and combat readiness.

However, MIL-STD-130 is just one requirement. The Unique Item Identifier (UII) is an essential part of asset identification under MIL-STD-130.

What is a Unique Item Identifier?

UII ensures every item receives a unique identifier to support granular tracking across its lifecycle, from manufacturing to eventual disposal. While MIL-STD-130 specifies fonts, marking methods, and other practicalities of labeling items, UIIs ensure accurate asset tracking and full lifecycle traceability. These two requirements work in tandem to ensure end-to-end visibility for sensitive DoD goods.

A UII is a globally unique code that doesn’t change, even if the item is transferred or repurposed. It includes three components:

• Enterprise Identifier (EID): This code identifies the organization responsible for the item and is assigned by Data Universal Numbering System (DUNS) or Commercial and Government Entity (CAGE) code.
• Part number: This is the part number assigned by the manufacturer.
• Serial number: The manufacturer will also assign a serial number for the entire item (not just its parts) to make each product individually unique.

The combination of these factors will create either a Construct 1 or Construct 2 UII:

• Construct 1: This more basic UII format ensures a unique EID for every product.
• Construct 2: This UII format requires serialization by combining the EID and its original part number.

The table below breaks down the differences between Construct 1 and Construct 2 UII formats.

Feature	Construct 1	Construct 2
Enterprise Identifier (EID)	Required	Required
Part Number	Not included	Required
Serial Number	Required	Required
Use Case	When EID alone ensures uniqueness	When combination of EID + Part No. ensures uniqueness
Data Structure	EID + Serial Number	EID + Part Number + Serial Number

Once you generate the product’s UII, you then follow MIL-STD-130 requirements to place this essential information on the item. MIL-STD-130_NOTICE-1 is the latest version of this standard, updated in August 2019. It specifies:

• Approved materials and marking methods
• Marking placement on the item or its packaging
• Syntax, text size, and format for human-readable and machine-readable information
• Use of Data Matrix symbols for 2D marking

However, keep in mind that MIL-STD-130 is a living requirement that changes over time. For example, the DoD now requires stringent data submission practices to the IUID Registry, which documents all IUIDs.

Failing to stay on top of these changes could result in contract delays, rework costs, and even contract termination.

The Benefits of MIL-STD-130 and UII

Photo by Tiger Lily from Pexels

MIL-STD-130 and UII work together to enhance transparency, accountability, and efficient asset management for DoD-related goods. It creates a centralized, searchable system where every item can be easily identified and tracked throughout its lifecycle.

There are many benefits to this digitized system, including:

• Improved asset record access: Thanks to UID tracking, a DoD user can scan an item’s IUID Data Matrix (a square, pixelated 2D barcode) and instantly access its full digital record in the DoD UID Registry. This real-time access to accurate, complete item data is especially crucial for mission-critical logistics, maintenance planning, and audits.
• Better lifecycle management: UII data allows the DoD to phase out inefficient or underperforming equipment. This data also streamlines repair needs and helps the DoD forecast replacement cycles, which in turn supports both workforce scheduling and budgeting.
• Cost reductions: Adopting universal identifiers, like UII, saved the US military as much as $2 billion during Operation Desert Storm. The combination of MIL-STD-130 and UII allows the DoD to maximize its resources, ensuring they don’t fall into the wrong hands while reducing the cost of replacements and reactive maintenance.

4 Common MIL-STD-130 Requirements

Photo by Maël BALLAND from Pexels

MIL-STD-130 requirements change over time. While this is far from an exhaustive list, these are the most common MIL-STD-130 standards manufacturers and DoD suppliers should familiarize themselves with.

Follow Proper Marking Methods

According to MIL-STD-130, all markings must meet stringent criteria regarding durability, readability, and permanence—especially in harsh environments. The method used to mark an item must be chosen based on the item’s material, surface geometry, and the environmental conditions it will face throughout its lifecycle.

According to the standard:

• Markings should be placed in a visible location whenever possible, allowing for quick scanning or reading.
• All marks must be permanent and able to withstand handling, cleaning, and rebuild procedures typical of the item’s use case.
• If a machine-readable mark can’t be applied due to temporary conditions, a temporary substitute should be used until the item is rebuilt.

Markings must be applied directly to the item or securely affixed to a durable identification plate, band, tag, or label.

For items where space is too limited for a full IUID mark, minimum data elements like the EID, serial number, and part or lot number must be used. You can also place markings on the item’s packaging.

Marking methods are often dictated by use case and environment. Some of the most commonly used marking methods include:

• Abrasive blasting: This marking method is ideal for high-wear items and textured surfaces.
• Acid etching: Also known as chemical etching, this marking method is great for uneven or curved surfaces and offers great precision. It’s ideal for aerospace parts that don’t hold up well to dot peening or laser engraving.
• Dot peening: With this option, a machine leaves deep, durable marks on the product. However, it can cause damage to the product, so it isn’t ideal for fragile or sensitive goods, like electronics.
• Laser engraving: This marking option is highly precise and permanent. It can be expensive, but it’s effective for labeling everything from metal to plastics.
• Metal stamping: This affordable and low-tech marking method is long-lasting, although, like dot peening, it can deform thin materials.
• Photo anodizing (Metalphoto®): Metalphoto of Cincinnati’s Metalphoto® labels and tags offer excellent durability for extreme environments. Our MIL-STD-130 compliant tags are rated to last 20 years or more in even the harshest environments.
• Rotary engraving: Rotary engravers can sometimes wear down tools, but they’re a middle-of-the-road option that offers a lot of flexibility.

The table below highlights the ideal use cases for these marking methods, their pros and cons, and durability rating.

Marking Method	Best For	Pros	Cons	Durability Rating
Metalphoto®	Harsh environments, long-term assets	Extremely durable, MIL-STD-130 compliant	Higher initial cost	20+ years
Laser Engraving	Precise, permanent markings	High resolution, versatile materials	Expensive setup	High
Dot Peening	Industrial, metal parts	Deep and permanent	Can damage delicate parts	Very High
Acid Etching	Aerospace, curved surfaces	Precise, won’t warp part	Requires chemical handling	High
Metal Stamping	Rugged, thick components	Inexpensive, permanent	Can deform thin materials	High
Abrasive Blasting	Textured/high-wear items	Strong adherence	Lower precision	Medium to High
Rotary Engraving	Prototypes, varied use cases	Flexible and accessible	Tool wear, less permanent	Medium

Ensure Barcodes Meet Quality Specifications

All markings should include both human-readable information (HRI), like serial numbers and manufacturer information, and machine-readable information (MRI), like barcodes.

All product barcodes must pass rigorous verification standards. MIL-STD-130 requires barcodes to achieve a verification grade of ‘B’ or higher (on a scale of A through F) based on ISO/IEC 15415 and AIM DPM-1-2006 quality grading standards. Verification scores are based on several criteria, including:

• Symbol contrast
• Modulation
• Axial nonuniformity
• Print growth
• Cell size uniformity

The table below breaks down the MIL-STD-130 grading criteria.

Grading Factor	Definition	Pass Threshold
Symbol Contrast	Difference between light and dark cells	Minimum ‘B’ grade
Modulation	Consistency in contrast across the symbol	Minimum ‘B’ grade
Axial Nonuniformity	Barcode distortion or skew	Minimum ‘B’ grade
Print Growth	Degree of over- or under-printing in barcode cells	Minimum ‘B’ grade
Cell Size Uniformity	Regularity of barcode cell size	Minimum ‘B’ grade
Minimum Grade	Based on ISO/IEC 15415 and AIM DPM-1-2006 standards	B or higher

MIL-STD-130 barcodes must be a 2D Data Matrix ECC 200, which is essential for enabling fast, accurate, and automated asset tracking across the DoD supply chain. To comply with MIL-STD-130, each data matrix symbol must meet several criteria:

• Type: The barcode should be in the ECC 200 format, which includes built-in error detection.
• Size: The minimum size is typically a 0.006-inch cell size, although actual sizing will vary based on marking method, scanner capabilities, and product size.
• Syntax: The barcode must follow ISO/IEC 15434 and 15418 data structuring standards, which encode the EID, part number, and serial number.
• IUD Registry accuracy: Barcode content must also match what your organization submitted to the IUID registry.

MIL-STD-130 also requires barcode markings to be:

• Permanently affixed to the item or its ID plate.
• Capable of withstanding cleaning processes, weather exposure, and chemical contact.
• Still readable throughout the item’s lifecycle, including during maintenance, transportation, and storage.

If a barcode fails to meet quality or durability specs, the DoD will not accept it, potentially delaying deliveries or invalidating compliance efforts.

Follow Size and Font Requirements

Human-readable information must be formatted according to the latest MIL-STD-130 standards. The recommended minimum height for text is 0.2 centimeters, or 0.08 inches, or 6 points.

This is the baseline for markings that are easily visible to the naked eye, though larger text may be required depending on item size, placement constraints, or operational context.

To ensure consistency and readability across various defense assets, all human-readable letters must be in ALL CAPS in a sans-serif font such as:

• ARIAL
• FUTURA
• TREBUCHET MS

All numerals must be presented in a standard Arabic font (0–9), avoiding stylized or script-like designs that can reduce clarity.

Conduct Compliance Verification

MIL-STD-130 requires ongoing compliance. Defense suppliers and contractors must proactively verify that their item marking practices comply with all relevant requirements, including label durability and barcode readability.

Conduct a once-annual compliance verification to ensure your products comply with the latest DoD standards. That includes:

1. Thoroughly reviewing MIL-STD-130N. Identify whether your deliverables fall under UID requirements or non-UID marking rules.
2. Ensuring that marking methods are still approved and hold up in your current environment. For maximum durability and clarity, many contractors partner with Metalphoto of Cincinnati because our high-performance nameplates and durable labels meet MIL-STD-130 and other specifications and standards.
3. Using a certified barcode verifier to scan and evaluate the data matrix symbol against ISO/IEC 15415 and AIM DPM grading standards.
4. Maintaining thorough internal records, including information on marking processes, barcode verifications, and proof of IUID Registry submissions.
5. Preparing for external oversight. The Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA) plays an active role in verifying compliance with MIL-STD-130. DMCA representatives may ask to see marking records and verification logs or conduct spot checks on items to verify label and barcode quality.

Common MIL-STD Challenges

Photo by RDNE Stock project from Pexels

While MIL-STD-130 offers clear guidelines for marking US military property, achieving and maintaining compliance can be complex, especially for suppliers managing high volumes, varied part types, or harsh conditions. Plan for these common hurdles to overcome barriers to compliance.

1. Using Uncertified Scanners

A DoD user should be able to scan an asset’s IUID data matrix and find its asset record in the DoD UID database. However, only a few label-making software solutions and scanner-verifiers can achieve the required syntax of the data matrix.

Beware: while some commercial imitations look similar, they will not pass verification, which is a requirement of the standard.

Commercial or off-the-shelf alternatives may visually resemble compliant tags but fail critical verification checks, which can result in non-compliance, delays, or contract rejections.

That’s why many DoD contractors rely on certified providers like MPC.  We offer UID labels using durable materials like Metalphoto, and back our products with verification services that ensure compliance with MIL-STD-130N and ISO standards.

2. Marking Small Products

Small components may not have sufficient surface area for a full IUID mark that includes both human-readable text and a machine-readable barcode. However, DoD still requires labels for small products.

Fortunately, MIL-STD-130 allows for marking on an attached ID plate or nearby packaging. Metalphoto of Cincinnati offers custom-sized nameplates and tags designed to fit these tight spaces while remaining fully compliant and scannable.

3. Following Inconsistent Marking Methods

Large or growing organizations may face inconsistencies across teams or locations. This can result in improperly formatted UID syntax, non-standard fonts, or misapplied labels.

Establish clear SOPs and standardize your labeling process by working with a certified provider. MPC offers engineering support and documentation templates to help align your internal teams and ensure every label meets MIL-STD-130 specifications.

Get MIL-STD-130 Compliance Right With MPC

Complying with MIL-STD-130 is a requirement for serving DoD entities, but it’s also a commitment to quality, traceability, and long-term asset integrity. From applying the correct marking method to passing barcode verification and withstanding harsh environments, every detail matters when working with the Department of Defense.

Whether you’re new to DoD contracting or looking to improve your current labeling process, partnering with a trusted and experienced provider can make all the difference. Metalphoto of Cincinnati has been a leader in durable, MIL-STD-130-compliant identification solutions for decades.

Our Metalphoto labels and nameplates are field-tested, contract-approved, and built to perform in the most demanding conditions. With in-house verification, engineering support, and industry expertise, we take the guesswork out of compliance.

See the MPC difference firsthand: Order your free label and tag evaluation kit now.

Frequently Asked Questions